Functional Safety
With so many systems now employing some sort of electronic decision making, functional safety has gown in scope from just being about software and cnc type control systems to apply to a myriad of different scenarios.
Sometimes it can be useful to have a second opinion on systems that have been developed to make sure that all outcomes have been properly modelled and that the correct course of action happens etc.
There are many different standards that may or may not apply depending on the situation, e.g. IEC 61508, ISO 26262 etc. this can have important effects especially when trying to re-purpose say systems designed for automotive use into the aerospace sector.